Zakat RecipientsEight CategoriesPoor & NeedyQuran + Hadith

Who is Eligible for Zakat

The question of who is eligible for Zakat is fundamental for Muslims fulfilling this pillar of Islam, ensuring Zakat reaches its rightful recipients as specified by Allah. Can you give Zakat to your struggling sister? Are refugees eligible to receive Zakat funds? What about people in debt who own homes? Can mosques and Islamic schools receive Zakat? How poor must someone be to qualify as needy? Are there different rules for relatives versus strangers? Can wealthy people ever receive Zakat? What about non-Muslims in exceptional circumstances? How do you verify someone truly qualifies? This comprehensive guide answers every question about who is eligible for Zakat with complete clarity for Muslims distributing this sacred obligation.

The definitive answer to who is eligible for Zakat: The Quran precisely specifies eight categories of recipients in verse 9:60 creating an exclusive and comprehensive list of who can receive Zakat including the poor, the needy, Zakat administrators, those whose hearts are being reconciled to Islam, those in bondage, those burdened by debt, those striving in the cause of Allah, and travelers in need, with the vast majority of recipients required to be Muslims below the nisab threshold who fit genuinely within these categories and are not among prohibited recipients such as immediate family members whom the giver is obligated to support. This guide explains each of the eight categories in detail, defines poverty and need for Zakat purposes, clarifies family member restrictions, addresses contemporary applications to refugees and modern contexts, establishes verification methods, and provides authentic Quranic and Hadith evidence on who is eligible for Zakat according to divine specification.

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Critical principle: Eight Quranic categories are exclusive and definitive

Understanding who is eligible for Zakat begins with recognizing that Allah Himself specified exactly eight categories of recipients in Quran 9:60. This verse is not general guidance but precise divine legislation establishing exclusive eligibility. The verse states: "Zakat expenditures are only for the poor and for the needy and for those employed to collect Zakat and for bringing hearts together for Islam and for freeing captives or slaves and for those in debt and for the cause of Allah and for the stranded traveler, an obligation imposed by Allah. And Allah is Knowing and Wise."

The Arabic word "innama" (إنما) at the beginning of this verse means "only" or "exclusively," creating a restriction. Who is eligible for Zakat is limited to these eight categories, no more, no less. This divine specification prevents Zakat from becoming general charity distributed to anyone. Islamic scholars across all schools unanimously agree that Zakat must go to recipients fitting within these eight Quranic categories. Understanding each category precisely, including contemporary applications and who is excluded, is essential for proper Zakat distribution fulfilling Allah's command.

Quranic specification

The eight categories of Zakat recipients

Detailed explanation of who is eligible for Zakat.

The Quran (9:60) establishes eight distinct categories answering who is eligible for Zakat with divine precision:

1

Al-Fuqara (The Poor)

Definition: Those who have almost nothing, possessing less than nisab and unable to meet even half their basic needs. They lack sufficient food, clothing, shelter, or other necessities for survival.

Modern application: Homeless individuals, destitute families, those living in extreme poverty without stable income or assets. They own minimal possessions far below the nisab threshold (approximately £300-400 using silver).

Qualification criteria: Total wealth and income insufficient to cover basic necessities. Cannot afford adequate food, clothing, or shelter. Possesses significantly less than nisab. Struggles for daily survival.

Example of who is eligible for Zakat as poor:

A widow with young children, no income, no savings, struggling to feed her family and pay rent, owning only basic household items, she clearly qualifies as among the poor eligible for Zakat.

2

Al-Masakin (The Needy)

Definition: Those who possess some income or assets but still cannot meet their basic needs adequately. They are better off than the poor but still below self-sufficiency, possessing less than nisab.

Modern application: Low-income workers whose wages barely cover expenses, families struggling despite employment, those with insufficient income for basic dignified living. They work but earnings fall short of needs.

Qualification criteria: Total wealth below nisab. Income insufficient to meet all basic needs comfortably. May work but wages inadequate. Struggles to afford necessities despite effort.

Example of who is eligible for Zakat as needy:

A family where the father works minimum wage but cannot afford adequate food, medical care, and housing for his family of five. He has some income and minimal savings (below nisab) but needs remain unmet, he qualifies as needy for Zakat.

3

Al-Amileen Alayha (Zakat Administrators)

Definition: Those employed to collect, manage, and distribute Zakat can receive payment from Zakat funds as compensation for their labor, even if they personally possess wealth above nisab.

Modern application: Staff of legitimate Zakat organizations, accountants managing Zakat funds, administrators distributing Zakat, researchers verifying recipients. They receive wages for Zakat work from Zakat itself.

Qualification criteria: Actually working in Zakat collection or distribution. Payment proportionate to work performed. Employed by legitimate Zakat authority or organization recognized for proper Zakat administration.

Unique among who is eligible for Zakat:

This is the only category where personal wealth does not affect eligibility. A wealthy person working for a Zakat foundation can receive salary from Zakat funds as payment for administrative labor.

4

Al-Muallafatu Qulubuhum (Those Whose Hearts Are Reconciled)

Definition: New Muslims needing financial support to strengthen their faith, influential people being brought closer to Islam, or those whose support benefits the Muslim community strategically.

Modern application: Recent converts facing family rejection or financial hardship due to conversion. Non-Muslims being introduced to Islam through Islamic charitable work. Influential figures whose support aids Muslim community welfare.

Qualification criteria: Recent conversion to Islam with resulting hardship. Being drawn toward Islam through exposure to Muslim generosity. Strategic benefit to Muslim community through their support or neutrality.

Notable exception in who is eligible for Zakat:

This category historically included non-Muslims whose hearts were being softened toward Islam. It is the primary exception to the general rule that Zakat recipients must be Muslims.

5

Ar-Riqab (Those in Bondage/Captivity)

Definition: Historically, slaves seeking to purchase their freedom. Contemporary scholars extend this to those enslaved by circumstances, human trafficking victims, prisoners of conscience, or those trapped in oppressive situations.

Modern application: Victims of human trafficking needing rescue and rehabilitation. Muslims imprisoned unjustly who need legal support for release. Those trapped in exploitative labor contracts seeking freedom. War captives needing ransom.

Qualification criteria: Genuine state of bondage or captivity. Seeking freedom or release from oppression. Unable to liberate themselves without external assistance.

Contemporary application of who is eligible for Zakat:

Scholars emphasize this category applies to modern forms of enslavement including trafficking victims, unjustly imprisoned Muslims, and those in exploitative situations requiring rescue and support for liberation.

6

Al-Gharimeen (Those in Debt)

Definition: Those burdened by debt they cannot repay despite sincere effort, provided the debt was incurred for permissible purposes. Their debt exceeds their liquid assets and ability to repay.

Modern application: Muslims with medical debt from necessary treatment, educational loans for legitimate studies, business debts from failed halal enterprises, debts from helping family in emergency. Overwhelmed by debt despite good faith efforts.

Qualification criteria: Debt incurred for halal purposes (not gambling, alcohol, extravagance). Unable to repay despite sincere effort. Debt burden exceeds ability to pay. May own primary residence and basic necessities but still debt-burdened.

Important clarification for who is eligible for Zakat:

A person in debt can receive Zakat even if they own a home or car for basic needs. The criterion is debt burden relative to ability to repay, not total assets. Scholars allow helping Muslims escape crushing debt through Zakat.

7

Fi Sabilillah (In the Cause of Allah)

Definition: Those engaged in efforts to spread Islam, defend Muslim communities, or other activities directly serving Allah's cause. Scholars differ on precise scope but agree it involves direct service to Islamic objectives.

Modern application: Da'wah workers spreading Islam full-time, Islamic scholars and teachers serving the community, those defending Muslim rights or communities, students of Islamic knowledge unable to work due to studies. Scholarly debate exists on including general charitable institutions.

Qualification criteria: Direct engagement in spreading Islam or serving Muslim community interests. Work clearly aligned with Islamic objectives. May receive support even if personally wealthy if the work itself requires funding.

Scholarly discussion on who is eligible for Zakat here:

This category has scholarly debate. Some limit it strictly to direct da'wah and defense. Others expand to Islamic education and institutions. The majority emphasize it must be clearly in Allah's cause, not general community benefit.

8

Ibnus-Sabil (Travelers in Need)

Definition: Travelers stranded away from home without resources to continue their journey or return, even if they are wealthy in their homeland. Includes those traveling for permissible purposes who face unexpected hardship.

Modern application: Refugees and displaced persons fleeing persecution or conflict. International students unable to access home country funds. Travelers stranded due to theft, emergencies, or unforeseen circumstances. Migrants in transit facing hardship.

Qualification criteria: Genuinely away from home and unable to access resources. Traveling for permissible purposes. Facing genuine hardship or inability to meet needs while traveling. May be wealthy at home but stranded without means currently.

Contemporary urgency in who is eligible for Zakat:

Scholars emphasize this category applies urgently to refugee crises. Displaced Muslims fleeing war or persecution clearly qualify as travelers in need deserving Zakat support for basic needs, resettlement, and rebuilding lives.

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Exclusions and restrictions

Who cannot receive Zakat: Prohibited recipients

Understanding who is not eligible for Zakat.

Understanding who is eligible for Zakat requires equally understanding who is prohibited from receiving it:

Prohibited RecipientReasonScholarly Basis
The wealthy (above nisab)Zakat is for the poor and needy; the wealthy above nisab are self-sufficientHadith: "No share in it for the rich or the strong and able" (Sunan Abu Dawud 1633)
Immediate family you supportParents, children, spouse, grandparents, grandchildren whom you are obligated to supportSupporting them is your legal obligation; Zakat cannot fulfill personal obligations
Non-Muslims (generally)Zakat is an Islamic obligation for Muslim community welfareException: category 4 (hearts being reconciled) permits in specific da'wah contexts
Banu Hashim (debated)Prophet's family descendants according to some scholarsBased on certain Hadith; other scholars allow in cases of need. School-dependent.
Those with haram incomeThose earning through forbidden means who refuse halal workZakat should not enable or support haram activities; support conditional on repentance
Able-bodied who refuse workThose capable of earning but choose not to work out of lazinessHadith emphasizes no share for the strong and able; Zakat is for genuine need

Family member restrictions explained

A crucial aspect of who is eligible for Zakat involves family restrictions. You cannot give Zakat to immediate family members whom you are legally obligated to support: your parents and grandparents (ascending line), your children and grandchildren (descending line), and your spouse. The reasoning is that supporting these individuals is your personal obligation in Islamic law. Giving them Zakat would use religious charity to fulfill personal legal duties, which is not permitted.

However, you CAN give Zakat to: siblings, aunts and uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews, in-laws, and other relatives you are not obligated to support. In fact, giving Zakat to eligible relatives combines the reward of Zakat with the reward of maintaining family ties. For who is eligible for Zakat among relatives, the obligation distinction is the key determining factor.

Can spouses ever receive Zakat?

A wife cannot give Zakat to her husband under any circumstances in the majority scholarly view because she has no obligation to support him financially. However, the majority position prohibits a husband giving Zakat to his wife because he is obligated to support her. A minority scholarly opinion permits husbands to give Zakat to wives if she has personal debts or needs beyond his support obligation, but this is not the mainstream position. For who is eligible for Zakat between spouses, the safer mainstream view prohibits such transfers.

Due diligence

How to verify who is eligible for Zakat

Practical methods for confirming recipient eligibility.

Balancing verification with dignity

Determining who is eligible for Zakat requires verification to ensure proper distribution, but this must balance with preserving recipients' dignity. Islam commands neither excessive suspicion that burdens the needy nor complete negligence that wastes Zakat on ineligible recipients. The principle is reasonable investigation proportionate to the amount being distributed.

For small amounts (under £100)

Verbal inquiry and reasonable trust. Ask basic questions: Are you below nisab? Do you need assistance? What is your situation? Accept answers in good faith for modest amounts.

For medium amounts (£100-1000)

Basic documentation. Request evidence of financial situation: income statements, bills showing hardship, debt documentation. Verify they fit one of eight categories.

For large amounts (over £1000)

Thorough verification. Request comprehensive documentation: financial statements, proof of assets and debts, verification of category qualification. May involve home visits or references.

Through established organizations

Legitimate Zakat organizations handle verification professionally. They assess who is eligible for Zakat systematically while maintaining recipient dignity through trained staff and proper procedures.

Key verification questions

  • Are you Muslim? (except for specific category 4 cases)
  • Is your wealth below nisab? (approximately £300-400 using silver)
  • Which of the eight categories do you fit? (poor, needy, in debt, traveler, etc.)
  • Can you provide evidence of your situation? (income proof, bills, debt statements)
  • Are you among prohibited recipients? (wealthy, immediate family to giver, etc.)

When doubt arises about eligibility

If uncertain whether someone is eligible for Zakat after reasonable investigation, scholars recommend: For small amounts, give the benefit of doubt favoring the potential recipient. For larger amounts, seek additional verification or consult with scholars. If doubt persists, give as voluntary Sadaqah (which has no eligibility restrictions) rather than Zakat. For who is eligible for Zakat in doubtful cases, the principle is reasonable certainty proportionate to amount distributed.

Complete assessment

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Real situations

Examples of determining who is eligible for Zakat

Complete scenarios showing eligibility assessment.

Struggling single mother: Clearly eligible

Situation: Fatima is a widow with three young children. Her husband passed away two years ago leaving minimal savings. She works part-time earning £800 monthly while caring for children. After rent, bills, and basic needs, she struggles to feed her family adequately and has no savings.

Eligibility assessment: Total assets: minimal household items, no savings, income far below nisab. Category: Poor/Needy (categories 1 and 2). Muslim: Yes. Prohibited recipient: No.

Conclusion: Fatima is definitively among who is eligible for Zakat. She fits categories 1 and 2 (poor and needy) clearly, being Muslim with wealth far below nisab and genuine inability to meet basic family needs despite working.

Zakat distribution recommendation: Provide regular monthly support for food, clothing, and children's needs. Consider larger one-time assistance for education expenses or debt relief if she has accumulated bills.

Person with mortgage debt: Eligible under conditions

Situation: Ahmed owns a modest home with a £150,000 mortgage. He works earning £35,000 annually. After mortgage payments, bills, and family expenses, he has £2,000 in savings but the debt burden is overwhelming and he struggles monthly to make payments while meeting needs.

Eligibility assessment: Assets: Primary residence (not counted for nisab), £2,000 savings (below nisab). Liabilities: £150,000 mortgage debt. Category: Those in debt (category 6). The debt exceeds his liquid assets and ability to pay comfortably.

Conclusion: Ahmed is among who is eligible for Zakat under category 6 (those in debt). Although he owns a home, his mortgage debt burden combined with minimal liquid assets and struggle to meet obligations qualifies him for Zakat assistance with debt reduction.

Important clarification: Owning a primary residence does not disqualify someone from Zakat if they are genuinely debt-burdened below nisab. The home is excluded from wealth calculation as a basic need.

Wealthy sibling: Not eligible despite family tie

Situation: Your sister owns substantial assets including investments worth £80,000 and a successful business. She is Muslim and your sibling, but her wealth far exceeds nisab and she is financially comfortable.

Eligibility assessment: Assets above nisab: Yes (£80,000 far exceeds £300-400 nisab threshold). Category fit: None of the eight categories apply; she is self-sufficient. Prohibited recipient: Yes, due to being wealthy above nisab.

Conclusion: Your sister is NOT among who is eligible for Zakat. Despite being family (which would be permissible if she were eligible), her wealth above nisab disqualifies her. The wealthy cannot receive Zakat except in the specific category of Zakat administrators if employed for such work.

Alternative: You can give her voluntary Sadaqah (charity) or gifts, but not obligatory Zakat which must go to those below nisab or specific eligible categories.

Refugee family: Definitively eligible

Situation: A Syrian refugee family recently resettled in your community. They are Muslim, fled war, arrived with nothing, currently living in temporary housing, and parents cannot work yet due to language barriers and legal status processing. Children need school supplies, family needs furniture and basic necessities.

Eligibility assessment: Muslim: Yes. Wealth below nisab: Yes (essentially nothing). Category fit: Travelers in need (category 8), Poor (category 1), Needy (category 2). They fit multiple categories clearly.

Conclusion: This refugee family is unquestionably among who is eligible for Zakat fitting three categories simultaneously. Contemporary scholars emphasize refugees and displaced persons are priority Zakat recipients fitting the traveler category while also being poor/needy.

Zakat distribution recommendation: Provide comprehensive support: furniture, clothing, food, rent assistance, educational materials for children, language learning resources, and ongoing support until they achieve self-sufficiency. This is an excellent use of Zakat funds.

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Islamic evidence

Quran and Sahih Hadith on Zakat recipients

Authentic textual sources on who is eligible for Zakat.

Quran

The eight categories specified

Quran 9:60

Allah exclusively specifies who is eligible for Zakat in eight categories: poor, needy, Zakat workers, hearts being reconciled, those in bondage, debtors, in Allah's cause, and travelers. This verse definitively establishes Zakat recipient eligibility.

Quran

Ask those in need

Quran 2:273

Allah describes the poor who deserve charity as those who do not beg persistently. This verse helps identify who is eligible for Zakat among the genuinely needy who maintain dignity despite hardship.

Quran

Righteous give to relatives and needy

Quran 2:177

Allah mentions giving wealth to relatives, orphans, the needy, travelers, and those who ask. This verse supports giving Zakat to eligible relatives, showing they are among who is eligible for Zakat when they fit the categories.

Quran

In their wealth is a determined right

Quran 51:19

Allah establishes the poor and needy have determined rights in wealth. This verse emphasizes that who is eligible for Zakat has a divinely granted right to receive it, not merely charity at discretion.

Hadith

No share for the rich or able

Sunan Abu Dawud 1633

The Prophet (peace be upon him) said there is no share in Zakat for the rich or the strong who can earn. This hadith establishes that the wealthy and able-bodied who can work are not among who is eligible for Zakat.

Hadith

Take from the wealthy, give to the poor

Sahih al-Bukhari 1395

The Prophet (peace be upon him) instructed taking Zakat from the wealthy Muslims and distributing to the poor among them. This hadith clarifies the transfer is from rich to poor, establishing wealth level as key for who is eligible for Zakat.

Hadith

Charity forbidden to Prophet's family

Sahih Muslim 1072

The Prophet (peace be upon him) said charity (Zakat) is forbidden to his family. Some scholars extend this to Banu Hashim descendants, creating scholarly discussion on whether Hashimis are among who is eligible for Zakat.

Hadith

Verify before giving

Sahih al-Bukhari 1423

Hadith emphasize assessing recipient need and situation. This supports verifying who is eligible for Zakat through reasonable investigation to ensure proper distribution to genuinely deserving recipients.

Universal scholarly consensus on the eight categories

All Islamic schools of jurisprudence unanimously agree that who is eligible for Zakat is limited exclusively to the eight categories specified in Quran 9:60. The Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi, and Hanbali schools all base Zakat distribution on these eight categories as definitive and comprehensive. While scholars may differ on detailed applications within categories or specific situations, there is complete consensus that Zakat must go to recipients fitting within these eight Quranic categories. The verse uses "innama" (only/exclusively) creating restriction against expanding beyond these eight. Classical and contemporary scholars across all periods maintain this consensus. Modern fatwas worldwide consistently reference the eight categories as the exclusive framework for who is eligible for Zakat, with scholarly discussion focusing on contemporary applications of these timeless categories to modern contexts like refugees, student debt, and institutional support, while always returning to the fundamental Quranic specification as the ultimate authority on Zakat recipient eligibility.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions about who is eligible for Zakat

Direct answers to common questions.

Who is eligible for Zakat according to the Quran?

The Quran (9:60) specifies eight categories eligible for Zakat: the poor (al-fuqara), the needy (al-masakin), Zakat administrators, those whose hearts are being reconciled, those in bondage, those in debt, those in the cause of Allah, and travelers in need. These eight categories are definitive and exclusive for who is eligible for Zakat.

Can Zakat be given to non-Muslims?

Generally, Zakat recipients must be Muslims, except for the category of 'those whose hearts are being reconciled' which historically included non-Muslims considering Islam. For who is eligible for Zakat, the overwhelming majority must be Muslims, though scholars discuss limited exceptions for da'wah purposes in specific contexts.

Can you give Zakat to family members?

You cannot give Zakat to family members you are legally obligated to support (spouse, parents, children, grandparents, grandchildren). However, you can give Zakat to siblings, aunts, uncles, cousins, in-laws, and other relatives you are not obligated to support. For who is eligible for Zakat within families, the obligation distinction is critical.

What makes someone poor or needy for Zakat?

The poor and needy are those whose wealth and income fall below nisab threshold and cannot meet basic needs for food, shelter, clothing, and necessities. If someone owns less than nisab (approximately £300-400 using silver) and struggles to afford essentials, they qualify as eligible for Zakat as poor or needy.

Can wealthy people receive Zakat?

Wealthy people above nisab generally cannot receive Zakat except in specific categories: Zakat administrators can be paid from Zakat funds regardless of wealth, and those working 'in the cause of Allah' may receive support even if personally wealthy. For who is eligible for Zakat, wealth above nisab usually disqualifies recipients except these specific categories.

Are refugees and displaced persons eligible for Zakat?

Yes, refugees and displaced persons fit the category of 'travelers in need' (ibn al-sabil) and potentially the poor and needy categories. Many contemporary scholars emphasize that displaced Muslims struggling to meet basic needs are clearly among who is eligible for Zakat requiring community support.

Can Zakat be given to mosques or Islamic schools?

This is debated among scholars. Some allow Zakat for Islamic education and da'wah under 'in the cause of Allah.' Others restrict this category to more specific purposes. The majority position says Zakat for building mosques is not permitted. For who is eligible for Zakat, individuals in the eight categories are definitive while institutional giving is debated.

Can someone in debt receive Zakat even if they own a home?

Yes, if their debts exceed their liquid assets and they cannot repay despite sincere effort, they qualify as 'those in debt' eligible for Zakat. Owning a primary residence does not disqualify them if they are genuinely debt-burdened. For who is eligible for Zakat among debtors, the debt burden relative to ability to pay determines eligibility.

How do you verify someone is eligible for Zakat?

Verify through reasonable investigation: assess their financial situation, confirm they fit one of eight categories, ensure they are Muslim (except specific exceptions), and verify they are not among those prohibited from receiving Zakat. For who is eligible for Zakat, due diligence without excessive intrusion balances proper distribution with recipient dignity.

Can Zakat be given to Banu Hashim (Prophet's family)?

This is debated among scholars. Some schools prohibit giving Zakat to descendants of Banu Hashim (Prophet's family) based on certain Hadith. Other scholars allow it in cases of genuine need. For who is eligible for Zakat regarding Hashimi descendants, consult scholars from your preferred school of thought for specific guidance.

Quick reference

Summary of who is eligible for Zakat

Comprehensive eligibility criteria at a glance.

CriteriaRequirement
ReligionMust be Muslim (exception: category 4 in specific contexts)
Wealth levelBelow nisab (approx £300-400 silver) except specific categories 3, 7
Category fitMust fit at least one of the eight Quranic categories
Family relationCannot be immediate family giver is obligated to support
LifestyleNot engaged in haram earning while refusing halal work
Work abilityGenuinely unable to work or insufficient despite working

Fulfill your Zakat obligation

Calculate and distribute to those eligible for Zakat

Now that you comprehensively understand who is eligible for Zakat through the eight Quranic categories, proper verification methods, family restrictions, and contemporary applications, calculate your annual Zakat obligation and ensure it reaches deserving recipients. Distribute to the poor, needy, those in debt, refugees, and others fitting the divine specifications. Fulfill this pillar of Islam with knowledge and confidence that your Zakat supports those whom Allah designated as rightful recipients.

Disclaimer: This guide provides comprehensive educational information about who is eligible for Zakat based on the Quran 9:60, authentic Hadith, and universal scholarly consensus across all Islamic schools. The eight categories of Zakat recipients are definitively established without dispute. However, specific applications to individual situations may involve scholarly differences on detailed matters such as institutional giving, Banu Hashim eligibility, modern applications of category interpretations, and verification standards. Individual circumstances vary based on financial situations, family relationships, community contexts, and available verification methods. While the fundamental eight categories are universally agreed upon, nuanced questions about eligibility in specific cases may benefit from consultation with qualified Islamic scholars familiar with both classical jurisprudence and contemporary contexts. This guide represents mainstream Islamic teaching on who is eligible for Zakat providing foundational knowledge for proper distribution.

About this Content

Written by the Zakat Finance editorial team. All content is based on authentic Islamic scholarship and is reviewed regularly to ensure accuracy. The content aims to provide guidance on Zakat calculation and does not replace advice from a qualified Islamic scholar.

Last updated: February 2026

Method note: We present common scholarly approaches to Zakat calculation, encouraging consultation with trusted scholars for personal cases.